finite-element-based commercial software comsol multiphysics v. 5.1  (COMSOL Inc)

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Electrochemotherapy treatment safety under parallel needle deflection

doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-06747-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Illustration of electrode deflection in a mechanical stress region due to needle insertion. (a) The electrode insertion in stiff tissues may cause (b) an inward deflection or (c) an outward deflection. Two possible directions of needle deflection are shown. Illustrations were created in Microsoft VISIO Professional 2019 v.2111 (Microsoft Corporation, Washington, USA; https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/visio/flowchart-software ) (d,e) are two cases of electrode deflection returned to electrode manufacture. (f) Numerical simulation geometry showing the ESOPE Type II electrode inserted into the tissue with standard configuration. The geometry was generated by COMSOL Multiphysics v.5.1 (COMSOL Inc., Stockholm, Sweden; https://www.comsol.com/comsol-multiphysics ). The highlight depicts the directions for the anode needles deflection studied in this work.

Article Snippet: The computational model was performed by the finite element method (FEM) software COMSOL Multiphysics v.5.1 (COMSOL Inc., Stockholm, Sweden).

Techniques: Software, Generated

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Electrochemotherapy treatment safety under parallel needle deflection

doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-06747-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro and in silico results of electric field distribution in Solanum tuberosum tissue. In vitro stained areas indicate tissue electroporation. The indentation effect (non-electroporated volume between the electrode pairs) can be observed from Δx = + 3 mm. The cut plane is shown in Fig. f highlight. The in silico cut planes were generated by COMSOL Multiphysics v.5.1 (COMSOL Inc., Stockholm, Sweden; https://www.comsol.com/comsol-multiphysics ).

Article Snippet: The computational model was performed by the finite element method (FEM) software COMSOL Multiphysics v.5.1 (COMSOL Inc., Stockholm, Sweden).

Techniques: In Vitro, In Silico, Staining, Electroporation, Generated

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Electrochemotherapy treatment safety under parallel needle deflection

doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-06747-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Electric field distribution in tumor tissue case study in + Δx. In the range of 50 kV/m, the indentation (non-electroporated volume between the electrode pairs) was observed from Δx = + 3 mm. The electric field of 50 kV/m is a typical reversible electroporation threshold. The cut planes were generated by COMSOL Multiphysics v.5.1 (COMSOL Inc., Stockholm, Sweden; https://www.comsol.com/comsol-multiphysics ).

Article Snippet: The computational model was performed by the finite element method (FEM) software COMSOL Multiphysics v.5.1 (COMSOL Inc., Stockholm, Sweden).

Techniques: Electroporation, Generated

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Electrochemotherapy treatment safety under parallel needle deflection

doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-06747-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Electric current density distribution and electric field (kV/m) lines with inward deflection in tumor tissue case study. Electric field intensities higher than 150 kV/m are observed in a large tissue area for Δx smaller than −1 mm. The cut planes were generated by COMSOL Multiphysics v.5.1 (COMSOL Inc., Stockholm, Sweden; https://www.comsol.com/comsol-multiphysics ).

Article Snippet: The computational model was performed by the finite element method (FEM) software COMSOL Multiphysics v.5.1 (COMSOL Inc., Stockholm, Sweden).

Techniques: Generated

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Electrochemotherapy treatment safety under parallel needle deflection

doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-06747-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Numerical geometry of the tumor case study with ESOPE Type II electrode in its standard configuration. The case consists of a subcutaneous tumor. The tumor mass growth forces the upper tissues to spherically reshape. All geometry planes were generated by COMSOL Multiphysics v.5.1 (COMSOL Inc., Stockholm, Sweden; https://www.comsol.com/comsol-multiphysics ).

Article Snippet: The computational model was performed by the finite element method (FEM) software COMSOL Multiphysics v.5.1 (COMSOL Inc., Stockholm, Sweden).

Techniques: Generated

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Electrochemotherapy treatment safety under parallel needle deflection

doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-06747-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Illustration of electrode deflection in a mechanical stress region due to needle insertion. (a) The electrode insertion in stiff tissues may cause (b) an inward deflection or (c) an outward deflection. Two possible directions of needle deflection are shown. Illustrations were created in Microsoft VISIO Professional 2019 v.2111 (Microsoft Corporation, Washington, USA; https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/visio/flowchart-software ) (d,e) are two cases of electrode deflection returned to electrode manufacture. (f) Numerical simulation geometry showing the ESOPE Type II electrode inserted into the tissue with standard configuration. The geometry was generated by COMSOL Multiphysics v.5.1 (COMSOL Inc., Stockholm, Sweden; https://www.comsol.com/comsol-multiphysics ). The highlight depicts the directions for the anode needles deflection studied in this work.

Article Snippet: The in silico cut planes were generated by COMSOL Multiphysics v.5.1 (COMSOL Inc., Stockholm, Sweden; https://www.comsol.com/comsol-multiphysics ).

Techniques: Software, Generated

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Electrochemotherapy treatment safety under parallel needle deflection

doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-06747-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro and in silico results of electric field distribution in Solanum tuberosum tissue. In vitro stained areas indicate tissue electroporation. The indentation effect (non-electroporated volume between the electrode pairs) can be observed from Δx = + 3 mm. The cut plane is shown in Fig. f highlight. The in silico cut planes were generated by COMSOL Multiphysics v.5.1 (COMSOL Inc., Stockholm, Sweden; https://www.comsol.com/comsol-multiphysics ).

Article Snippet: The in silico cut planes were generated by COMSOL Multiphysics v.5.1 (COMSOL Inc., Stockholm, Sweden; https://www.comsol.com/comsol-multiphysics ).

Techniques: In Vitro, In Silico, Staining, Electroporation, Generated

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Electrochemotherapy treatment safety under parallel needle deflection

doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-06747-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Electric field distribution in tumor tissue case study in + Δx. In the range of 50 kV/m, the indentation (non-electroporated volume between the electrode pairs) was observed from Δx = + 3 mm. The electric field of 50 kV/m is a typical reversible electroporation threshold. The cut planes were generated by COMSOL Multiphysics v.5.1 (COMSOL Inc., Stockholm, Sweden; https://www.comsol.com/comsol-multiphysics ).

Article Snippet: The in silico cut planes were generated by COMSOL Multiphysics v.5.1 (COMSOL Inc., Stockholm, Sweden; https://www.comsol.com/comsol-multiphysics ).

Techniques: Electroporation, Generated

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Electrochemotherapy treatment safety under parallel needle deflection

doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-06747-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Electric current density distribution and electric field (kV/m) lines with inward deflection in tumor tissue case study. Electric field intensities higher than 150 kV/m are observed in a large tissue area for Δx smaller than −1 mm. The cut planes were generated by COMSOL Multiphysics v.5.1 (COMSOL Inc., Stockholm, Sweden; https://www.comsol.com/comsol-multiphysics ).

Article Snippet: The in silico cut planes were generated by COMSOL Multiphysics v.5.1 (COMSOL Inc., Stockholm, Sweden; https://www.comsol.com/comsol-multiphysics ).

Techniques: Generated

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Electrochemotherapy treatment safety under parallel needle deflection

doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-06747-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Numerical geometry of the tumor case study with ESOPE Type II electrode in its standard configuration. The case consists of a subcutaneous tumor. The tumor mass growth forces the upper tissues to spherically reshape. All geometry planes were generated by COMSOL Multiphysics v.5.1 (COMSOL Inc., Stockholm, Sweden; https://www.comsol.com/comsol-multiphysics ).

Article Snippet: The in silico cut planes were generated by COMSOL Multiphysics v.5.1 (COMSOL Inc., Stockholm, Sweden; https://www.comsol.com/comsol-multiphysics ).

Techniques: Generated